Krizenec hrusky a jablka informacie pestovanie vlastnosti

Pears are among the noblest fruits in our gardens, but growing them is often accompanied by concerns about frost or fungal diseases. Today, however, we will convince you that it can be done differently. These varieties share one essential trait - extraordinary resilience. Whether you are looking for a tree that will survive harsh northern winters, a variety immune to scab, or an exotic Asian pear with crisp flesh, you will find your favorite on this list.

Patrí do rovnakej čeľade ako naša hruška obyčajná a poskytuje rovnako chutné plody. Hruška nashi je rozšírená v ázijských krajinách, no môžeme ju bez problémov pestovať aj v našich podmienkach. Na jar je tento ovocný strom veľmi pekný, keď zakvitne bielymi kvetmi. Hruška nashi potrebuje slnečné miesto chránené pred vetrom a chladom. Pôda by mala byť skôr kyslá a výživná. Nashi znesie aj mráz, a to až mínus 20 stupňov, preto sa bez problémov dá pestovať vo všetkých oblastiach Slovenska. Dorastá do výšky 7 až 15 metrov a nielen plodmi, ale aj vzrastom pripomína našu hrušku. Tvarovanie a rez sú rovnaké ako pri našej hruške a jabloni. Pri nashi však kladieme dôraz na dôkladné zbladenie rodivých obrastov. V porovnaní s našimi domácimi hruškami totiž starnú rýchlejšie a mohli by horšie rodiť. Hrušku nashi režeme zvyčajne do kužeľovej koruny, darí sa jej aj v palmetách pri južnej stene. Hruška nashi rodí bohato. Plody zbierame až vtedy, keď sú už úplne zrelé, pretože po obratí už nedozrievajú. Skoré odrody dozrievajú v júli, neskoré v septembri až októbri. Pri zbere treba postupovať opatrne, pretože plody sú citlivé na otlačenie a nárazy. Ich skladovateľnosť dosahuje až niekoľko mesiacov. Nashi je odolná voči škodcom a chorobám, no náchylná na spálu ružovitých. Napadnuté rastliny treba zlikvidovať, záchrana nie je možná. Plody nashi sú výborné čerstvé aj spracované. Čerstvé sa konzumujú rovnako ako jablká či hrušky, prípadne ich môžete pridať do čerstvých šalátov.

Pears are among the noblest fruits in our gardens, but growing them is often accompanied by concerns about frost or fungal diseases. Today, however, we will convince you that it can be done differently. These varieties share one essential trait - extraordinary resilience. Whether you are looking for a tree that will survive harsh northern winters, a variety immune to scab, or an exotic Asian pear with crisp flesh, you will find your favorite on this list. 1. This Lithuanian treasure, bred by experts I. Štaras and A. Lukoševičius at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, was regionalized back in 1984 and is today a proud part of the national genetic resources. The tree is characterized by medium-strong growth and forms an elegant pyramidal crown with slightly weeping branches. Taste and appearance of fruits: 'Alka' is a late summer to early autumn variety, with fruits ripening from late August to early September. The pears are larger than average, with a uniform weight of 110 to 160 grams. Their skin plays in greenish-yellow to yellow tones, decorated with fine brownish stripes. Beneath the skin lies a yellowish-white, fine-grained, and semi-melting flesh with a minimum of stone cells (sclereids). The taste is sweet, very delicious, and pleasantly aromatic. Cultivation and resilience: The variety boasts good productivity, although the grower should expect a slight tendency towards alternate bearing. Its huge asset is its resistance to scab, which significantly facilitates its cultivation. 2. 'Argessis' is the result of a successful cross between the Napoca and B.P. Morettini varieties at the Romanian Research and Development Institute for Pomology Piteşti - Mărăcineni, gaining official recognition in 1985. The tree grows with medium vigor and blooms mid-late, which is a huge advantage in areas threatened by late spring frosts. Taste and appearance of fruits: In the second half of August, the tree offers medium to large fruits (around 125 g) with a typical pear shape and a short neck. Their medium-thick skin is visually very attractive - the basic yellow-green color is covered on more than half of the surface by a bright red blush with fine rusty dots. The white flesh is medium-firm, semi-melting to melting, and very juicy. The taste is refreshing, harmoniously balanced, and complemented by a subtle, specific aroma. Cultivation and resilience: This variety is a grower's dream thanks to its high and regular productivity, reaching 25 to 30 tons per hectare. 3. Another jewel from the Romanian institute in Mărăcineni, recognized in 1989. 'Carpica' was created from the same cross as 'Argessis' (Napoca x B.P. Morettini) but inherited the best traits of both parents. The tree has medium to weaker growth and comes into bearing extremely early - already in the second or third year after planting. Taste and appearance of fruits: This autumn variety produces medium to large fruits (over 150 g) with a squatter, conical-pyriform shape. The straw-yellow to yellow-green skin is decorated on the sunny side with a red blush and fine rusty patches. The real experience, however, comes upon biting into it - the white to whitish-yellow flesh is incredibly fine, creamy, melting, and full of juice. The taste is sweet, refreshing, and perfectly balanced. Cultivation and resilience: 'Carpica' is an ideal choice for family gardens. It bears abundantly and regularly, and is characterized by high resistance to frost, diseases, and pests, which minimizes the need for chemical protection. 4. The third successful Napoca x B.P. Morettini cross from Romania, registered in 1989. 'Daciana' is a medium-vigorous tree with a spherical-pyramidal crown that bears predominantly on young shoots. A great advantage for growers is its excellent affinity with quince, allowing for direct grafting. Taste and appearance of fruits: 'Daciana' is a summer variety that ripens as early as late July, making it considered one of the first truly high-quality pears of the season. The fruits are medium-sized (around 150 g) with an elegant elongated shape. The yellow-orange skin is covered on the sunny side by an attractive red blush. The white flesh is medium-firm, yet melting and full of juice. The taste is rated as very good, ideal for summer refreshment.

Táto jablková odroda Imrus je vynikajúca zimná odroda určená na pestovanie v záhradách a na priemyselné pestovanie. Odroda Imrus bola vyšľachtená ako hybrid Antonovka s mrazuvzdornými zimnými druhmi a bola uvedená do štátneho registra v roku 1996. Dospelé jablone Imrus majú strednú veľkosť a okrúhlu, kompaktnú korunu. Plody sú strednej veľkosti, 130-180 g, sploštené a s miernym začervenaním. Dužina je sladká, šťavnatá a bohatá na vitamíny. Imrus je vysoko odolná voči chladu aj chorobám, najmä voči múčnatke a chrastavitosti.

Pri výsadbe jabloní je dôležité vybrať vhodný podpník a odrodu, čo ovplyvní rast, úrodu aj životnosť. U jabloní sú najčastejšie používané podpníky MM106, MM111, M9 a M27; semenáčový podpník je odolnejší, no rodí neskôr. U hrušiek sa používajú podpníky na dulovej alebo hruškovej plantinke, pričom semenáčové podpníky sú silné a dlho vydržia, zatiaľ čo dulové podpníky skrátené dosahujú menší vzrast. Optimálne podmienky pre jablone zahŕňajú výšku 200-600 m n. m., neutrálne až mierne kyslú pôdu a dostatočnú expozíciu slnku. Hrušky preferujú teplé a chránené stanovištia, hlbšiu, humóznu pôdu a pravidelný prísun vlahy a živín. Tieto pravidlá sú základom pre zdravé stromy a bohatú úrodu.

Hrušky a jablká sa v minulosti pestovali ako základ krajinotvorný prvok a dnes sa tradičné aj nové odrody vracajú do záhrad po celom Slovensku. Hrušky zvyčajne vyžadujú dve alebo viac odrôd na opeľovanie, triploidné odrody môžu mať špecifické inkompatibility. Rada pre pestovateľov: kombinujte odrody, ktoré kvitnú v rovnakom období, aby ste dosiahli optimálne prekrytie kvitnutia a bohatú úrodu. Rez a tvarovanie sú u hrušiek podobné ako pri hruškách a jablonoch, s dôrazom na vhodné vedenie proti silnému rastu a na udržiavanie rovnováhy medzi rodivosťou a rastom.

tags: #krizenec #hrusky #a #jablka